CSS Reset file

CSS rules to remove browsers default styling or harmonize them.

CSS reset - What exactly does it do?

	CSS Reset	Normalize.css
Goal	Remove all default browser styling	Make the default styling consistent across browsers
Usage	At the beginning of the CSS file	As a separate CSS file
Example	* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }	html { line-height: 1.15; }
Result	All elements have no margin or padding	Elements have consistent styling across browsers

• The History of CSS Resets
• What Is A CSS Reset?

Examples

• Eric Meyer’s CSS Reset
• The New CSS Reset - An Interview With Elad Shechter on “The New CSS Reset” from CSS-Tricks
• Josh Comeau - A Modern CSS Reset (regularly updated)
• normalize.css - A modern alternative to CSS resets
• modern-normalize - 🐒 Normalize browsers' default style - used by Tailwind CSS
• ress - Used by Vuetify

INFO

Eric Meyer

/* http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/ 
   v2.0 | 20110126
   License: none (public domain)
*/

html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe,
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,
a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code,
del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp,
small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var,
b, u, i, center,
dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
fieldset, form, label, legend,
table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td,
article, aside, canvas, details, embed, 
figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup, 
menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary,
time, mark, audio, video {
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
	border: 0;
	font-size: 100%;
	font: inherit;
	vertical-align: baseline;
}
/* HTML5 display-role reset for older browsers */
article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, 
footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section {
	display: block;
}
body {
	line-height: 1;
}
ol, ul {
	list-style: none;
}
blockquote, q {
	quotes: none;
}
blockquote:before, blockquote:after,
q:before, q:after {
	content: '';
	content: none;
}
table {
	border-collapse: collapse;
	border-spacing: 0;
}

normalize.css

/*! normalize.css v8.0.1 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */

/* Document
   ========================================================================== */

/**
 * 1. Correct the line height in all browsers.
 * 2. Prevent adjustments of font size after orientation changes in iOS.
 */

html {
  line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
}

/* Sections
   ========================================================================== */

/**
 * Remove the margin in all browsers.
 */

body {
  margin: 0;
}

/**
 * Render the `main` element consistently in IE.
 */

main {
  display: block;
}

/**
 * Correct the font size and margin on `h1` elements within `section` and
 * `article` contexts in Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.
 */

h1 {
  font-size: 2em;
  margin: 0.67em 0;
}

/* Grouping content
   ========================================================================== */

/**
 * 1. Add the correct box sizing in Firefox.
 * 2. Show the overflow in Edge and IE.
 */

hr {
  box-sizing: content-box; /* 1 */
  height: 0; /* 1 */
  overflow: visible; /* 2 */
}

/**
 * 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers.
 * 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers.
 */

pre {
  font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 */
  font-size: 1em; /* 2 */
}

/* Text-level semantics
   ========================================================================== */

/**
 * Remove the gray background on active links in IE 10.
 */

a {
  background-color: transparent;
}

/**
 * 1. Remove the bottom border in Chrome 57-
 * 2. Add the correct text decoration in Chrome, Edge, IE, Opera, and Safari.
 */

abbr[title] {
  border-bottom: none; /* 1 */
  text-decoration: underline; /* 2 */
  text-decoration: underline dotted; /* 2 */
}

/**
 * Add the correct font weight in Chrome, Edge, and Safari.
 */

b,
strong {
  font-weight: bolder;
}

/**
 * 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers.
 * 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers.
 */

code,
kbd,
samp {
  font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 */
  font-size: 1em; /* 2 */
}

/**
 * Add the correct font size in all browsers.
 */

small {
  font-size: 80%;
}

/**
 * Prevent `sub` and `sup` elements from affecting the line height in
 * all browsers.
 */

sub,
sup {
  font-size: 75%;
  line-height: 0;
  position: relative;
  vertical-align: baseline;
}

sub {
  bottom: -0.25em;
}

sup {
  top: -0.5em;
}

/* Embedded content
   ========================================================================== */

/**
 * Remove the border on images inside links in IE 10.
 */

img {
  border-style: none;
}

/* Forms
   ========================================================================== */

/**
 * 1. Change the font styles in all browsers.
 * 2. Remove the margin in Firefox and Safari.
 */

button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea {
  font-family: inherit; /* 1 */
  font-size: 100%; /* 1 */
  line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */
  margin: 0; /* 2 */
}

/**
 * Show the overflow in IE.
 * 1. Show the overflow in Edge.
 */

button,
input {
  /* 1 */
  overflow: visible;
}

/**
 * Remove the inheritance of text transform in Edge, Firefox, and IE.
 * 1. Remove the inheritance of text transform in Firefox.
 */

button,
select {
  /* 1 */
  text-transform: none;
}

/**
 * Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
 */

button,
[type='button'],
[type='reset'],
[type='submit'] {
  -webkit-appearance: button;
}

/**
 * Remove the inner border and padding in Firefox.
 */

button::-moz-focus-inner,
[type='button']::-moz-focus-inner,
[type='reset']::-moz-focus-inner,
[type='submit']::-moz-focus-inner {
  border-style: none;
  padding: 0;
}

/**
 * Restore the focus styles unset by the previous rule.
 */

button:-moz-focusring,
[type='button']:-moz-focusring,
[type='reset']:-moz-focusring,
[type='submit']:-moz-focusring {
  outline: 1px dotted ButtonText;
}

/**
 * Correct the padding in Firefox.
 */

fieldset {
  padding: 0.35em 0.75em 0.625em;
}

/**
 * 1. Correct the text wrapping in Edge and IE.
 * 2. Correct the color inheritance from `fieldset` elements in IE.
 * 3. Remove the padding so developers are not caught out when they zero out
 *    `fieldset` elements in all browsers.
 */

legend {
  box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */
  color: inherit; /* 2 */
  display: table; /* 1 */
  max-width: 100%; /* 1 */
  padding: 0; /* 3 */
  white-space: normal; /* 1 */
}

/**
 * Add the correct vertical alignment in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera.
 */

progress {
  vertical-align: baseline;
}

/**
 * Remove the default vertical scrollbar in IE 10+.
 */

textarea {
  overflow: auto;
}

/**
 * 1. Add the correct box sizing in IE 10.
 * 2. Remove the padding in IE 10.
 */

[type='checkbox'],
[type='radio'] {
  box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */
  padding: 0; /* 2 */
}

/**
 * Correct the cursor style of increment and decrement buttons in Chrome.
 */

[type='number']::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
[type='number']::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
  height: auto;
}

/**
 * 1. Correct the odd appearance in Chrome and Safari.
 * 2. Correct the outline style in Safari.
 */

[type='search'] {
  -webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */
  outline-offset: -2px; /* 2 */
}

/**
 * Remove the inner padding in Chrome and Safari on macOS.
 */

[type='search']::-webkit-search-decoration {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
}

/**
 * 1. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
 * 2. Change font properties to `inherit` in Safari.
 */

::-webkit-file-upload-button {
  -webkit-appearance: button; /* 1 */
  font: inherit; /* 2 */
}

/* Interactive
   ========================================================================== */

/*
 * Add the correct display in Edge, IE 10+, and Firefox.
 */

details {
  display: block;
}

/*
 * Add the correct display in all browsers.
 */

summary {
  display: list-item;
}

/* Misc
   ========================================================================== */

/**
 * Add the correct display in IE 10+.
 */

template {
  display: none;
}

/**
 * Add the correct display in IE 10.
 */

[hidden] {
  display: none;
}

modern-normalize

/*! modern-normalize v3.0.1 | MIT License | https://github.com/sindresorhus/modern-normalize */

/*
Document
========
*/

/**
Use a better box model (opinionated).
*/

*,
::before,
::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/**
1. Improve consistency of default fonts in all browsers. (https://github.com/sindresorhus/modern-normalize/issues/3)
2. Correct the line height in all browsers.
3. Prevent adjustments of font size after orientation changes in iOS.
4. Use a more readable tab size (opinionated).
*/

html {
  font-family: system-ui, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif,
    'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji'; /* 1 */
  line-height: 1.15; /* 2 */
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 3 */
  tab-size: 4; /* 4 */
}

/*
Sections
========
*/

/**
Remove the margin in all browsers.
*/

body {
  margin: 0;
}

/*
Text-level semantics
====================
*/

/**
Add the correct font weight in Chrome and Safari.
*/

b,
strong {
  font-weight: bolder;
}

/**
1. Improve consistency of default fonts in all browsers. (https://github.com/sindresorhus/modern-normalize/issues/3)
2. Correct the odd 'em' font sizing in all browsers.
*/

code,
kbd,
samp,
pre {
  font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Menlo,
    monospace; /* 1 */
  font-size: 1em; /* 2 */
}

/**
Add the correct font size in all browsers.
*/

small {
  font-size: 80%;
}

/**
Prevent 'sub' and 'sup' elements from affecting the line height in all browsers.
*/

sub,
sup {
  font-size: 75%;
  line-height: 0;
  position: relative;
  vertical-align: baseline;
}

sub {
  bottom: -0.25em;
}

sup {
  top: -0.5em;
}

/*
Tabular data
============
*/

/**
Correct table border color inheritance in Chrome and Safari. (https://issues.chromium.org/issues/40615503, https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195016)
*/

table {
  border-color: currentcolor;
}

/*
Forms
=====
*/

/**
1. Change the font styles in all browsers.
2. Remove the margin in Firefox and Safari.
*/

button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea {
  font-family: inherit; /* 1 */
  font-size: 100%; /* 1 */
  line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */
  margin: 0; /* 2 */
}

/**
Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
*/

button,
[type='button'],
[type='reset'],
[type='submit'] {
  -webkit-appearance: button;
}

/**
Remove the padding so developers are not caught out when they zero out 'fieldset' elements in all browsers.
*/

legend {
  padding: 0;
}

/**
Add the correct vertical alignment in Chrome and Firefox.
*/

progress {
  vertical-align: baseline;
}

/**
Correct the cursor style of increment and decrement buttons in Safari.
*/

::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
  height: auto;
}

/**
1. Correct the odd appearance in Chrome and Safari.
2. Correct the outline style in Safari.
*/

[type='search'] {
  -webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */
  outline-offset: -2px; /* 2 */
}

/**
Remove the inner padding in Chrome and Safari on macOS.
*/

::-webkit-search-decoration {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
}

/**
1. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
2. Change font properties to 'inherit' in Safari.
*/

::-webkit-file-upload-button {
  -webkit-appearance: button; /* 1 */
  font: inherit; /* 2 */
}

/*
Interactive
===========
*/

/*
Add the correct display in Chrome and Safari.
*/

summary {
  display: list-item;
}

The New CSS Reset

/***
    The new CSS reset - version 1.11.3 (last updated 25.08.2024)
    GitHub page: https://github.com/elad2412/the-new-css-reset
***/

/*
    Remove all the styles of the "User-Agent-Stylesheet", except for the 'display' property
    - The "symbol *" part is to solve Firefox SVG sprite bug
    - The "html" element is excluded, otherwise a bug in Chrome breaks the CSS hyphens property (https://github.com/elad2412/the-new-css-reset/issues/36)
 */
 *:where(:not(html, iframe, canvas, img, svg, video, audio):not(svg *, symbol *)) {
  all: unset;
  display: revert;
}

/* Preferred box-sizing value */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Fix mobile Safari increase font-size on landscape mode */
html {
  -moz-text-size-adjust: none;
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: none;
  text-size-adjust: none;
}

/* Reapply the pointer cursor for anchor tags */
a, button {
  cursor: revert;
}

/* Remove list styles (bullets/numbers) */
ol, ul, menu, summary {
  list-style: none;
}

/* Firefox: solve issue where nested ordered lists continue numbering from parent (https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1881517) */
ol {
  counter-reset: revert;
}

/* For images to not be able to exceed their container */
img {
  max-inline-size: 100%;
  max-block-size: 100%;
}

/* removes spacing between cells in tables */
table {
  border-collapse: collapse;
}

/* Safari - solving issue when using user-select:none on the <body> text input doesn't working */
input, textarea {
  -webkit-user-select: auto;
}

/* revert the 'white-space' property for textarea elements on Safari */
textarea {
  white-space: revert;
}

/* minimum style to allow to style meter element */
meter {
  -webkit-appearance: revert;
  appearance: revert;
}

/* preformatted text - use only for this feature */
:where(pre) {
  all: revert;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* reset default text opacity of input placeholder */
::placeholder {
  color: unset;
}

/* fix the feature of 'hidden' attribute.
 display:revert; revert to element instead of attribute */
:where([hidden]) {
  display: none;
}

/* revert for bug in Chromium browsers
 - fix for the content editable attribute will work properly.
 - webkit-user-select: auto; added for Safari in case of using user-select:none on wrapper element*/
:where([contenteditable]:not([contenteditable="false"])) {
  -moz-user-modify: read-write;
  -webkit-user-modify: read-write;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;
  -webkit-user-select: auto;
}

/* apply back the draggable feature - exist only in Chromium and Safari */
:where([draggable="true"]) {
  -webkit-user-drag: element;
}

/* Revert Modal native behavior */
:where(dialog:modal) {
  all: revert;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Remove details summary webkit styles */
::-webkit-details-marker {
  display: none;
}

Josh Comeau

/* 1. Use a more-intuitive box-sizing model */
*, *::before, *::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* 2. Remove default margin */
* {
  margin: 0;
}

body {
  /* 3. Add accessible line-height */
  line-height: 1.5;
  /* 4. Improve text rendering */
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

/* 5. Improve media defaults */
img, picture, video, canvas, svg {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
}

/* 6. Inherit fonts for form controls */
input, button, textarea, select {
  font: inherit;
}

/* 7. Avoid text overflows */
p, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}

/* 8. Improve line wrapping */
p {
  text-wrap: pretty;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  text-wrap: balance;
}

/*
  9. Create a root stacking context
*/
#root, #__next {
  isolation: isolate;
}

ress

/* resset.dev • v5.0.2 */

/* # =================================================================
   # Global selectors
   # ================================================================= */

   html {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* Prevent adjustments of font size after orientation changes in iOS */
    word-break: normal;
    -moz-tab-size: 4;
    tab-size: 4;
  }
  
  *,
  ::before,
  ::after {
    background-repeat: no-repeat; /* Set `background-repeat: no-repeat` to all elements and pseudo elements */
    box-sizing: inherit;
  }
  
  ::before,
  ::after {
    text-decoration: inherit; /* Inherit text-decoration and vertical align to ::before and ::after pseudo elements */
    vertical-align: inherit;
  }
  
  * {
    padding: 0; /* Reset `padding` and `margin` of all elements */
    margin: 0;
  }
  
  /* # =================================================================
     # General elements
     # ================================================================= */
  
  hr {
    overflow: visible; /* Show the overflow in Edge and IE */
    height: 0; /* Add the correct box sizing in Firefox */
    color: inherit; /* Correct border color in Firefox. */
  }
  
  details,
  main {
    display: block; /* Render the `main` element consistently in IE. */
  }
  
  summary {
    display: list-item; /* Add the correct display in all browsers */
  }
  
  small {
    font-size: 80%; /* Set font-size to 80% in `small` elements */
  }
  
  [hidden] {
    display: none; /* Add the correct display in IE */
  }
  
  abbr[title] {
    border-bottom: none; /* Remove the bottom border in Chrome 57 */
    /* Add the correct text decoration in Chrome, Edge, IE, Opera, and Safari */
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-decoration: underline dotted;
  }
  
  a {
    background-color: transparent; /* Remove the gray background on active links in IE 10 */
  }
  
  a:active,
  a:hover {
    outline-width: 0; /* Remove the outline when hovering in all browsers */
  }
  
  code,
  kbd,
  pre,
  samp {
    font-family: monospace, monospace; /* Specify the font family of code elements */
  }
  
  pre {
    font-size: 1em; /* Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers */
  }
  
  b,
  strong {
    font-weight: bolder; /* Add the correct font weight in Chrome, Edge, and Safari */
  }
  
  /* https://gist.github.com/unruthless/413930 */
  sub,
  sup {
    font-size: 75%;
    line-height: 0;
    position: relative;
    vertical-align: baseline;
  }
  
  sub {
    bottom: -0.25em;
  }
  
  sup {
    top: -0.5em;
  }
  
  table {
    border-color: inherit; /* Correct border color in all Chrome, Edge, and Safari. */
    text-indent: 0; /* Remove text indentation in Chrome, Edge, and Safari */
  }
  
  iframe {
    border-style: none;
  }
  
  /* # =================================================================
     # Forms
     # ================================================================= */
  
  input {
    border-radius: 0;
  }
  
  [type='number']::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
  [type='number']::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
    height: auto; /* Correct the cursor style of increment and decrement buttons in Chrome */
  }
  
  [type='search'] {
    -webkit-appearance: textfield; /* Correct the odd appearance in Chrome and Safari */
    outline-offset: -2px; /* Correct the outline style in Safari */
  }
  
  [type='search']::-webkit-search-decoration {
    -webkit-appearance: none; /* Remove the inner padding in Chrome and Safari on macOS */
  }
  
  textarea {
    overflow: auto; /* Internet Explorer 11+ */
    resize: vertical; /* Specify textarea resizability */
  }
  
  button,
  input,
  optgroup,
  select,
  textarea {
    font: inherit; /* Specify font inheritance of form elements */
  }
  
  optgroup {
    font-weight: bold; /* Restore the font weight unset by the previous rule */
  }
  
  button {
    overflow: visible; /* Address `overflow` set to `hidden` in IE 8/9/10/11 */
  }
  
  button,
  select {
    text-transform: none; /* Firefox 40+, Internet Explorer 11- */
  }
  
  /* Apply cursor pointer to button elements */
  button,
  [type='button'],
  [type='reset'],
  [type='submit'],
  [role='button'] {
    cursor: pointer;
  }
  
  /* Remove inner padding and border in Firefox 4+ */
  button::-moz-focus-inner,
  [type='button']::-moz-focus-inner,
  [type='reset']::-moz-focus-inner,
  [type='submit']::-moz-focus-inner {
    border-style: none;
    padding: 0;
  }
  
  /* Replace focus style removed in the border reset above */
  button:-moz-focusring,
  [type='button']::-moz-focus-inner,
  [type='reset']::-moz-focus-inner,
  [type='submit']::-moz-focus-inner {
    outline: 1px dotted ButtonText;
  }
  
  button,
  html [type='button'], /* Prevent a WebKit bug where (2) destroys native `audio` and `video`controls in Android 4 */
  [type='reset'],
  [type='submit'] {
    -webkit-appearance: button; /* Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS */
  }
  
  /* Remove the default button styling in all browsers */
  button,
  input,
  select,
  textarea {
    background-color: transparent;
    border-style: none;
  }
  
  a:focus,
  button:focus,
  input:focus,
  select:focus,
  textarea:focus {
    outline-width: 0;
  }
  
  /* Style select like a standard input */
  select {
    -moz-appearance: none; /* Firefox 36+ */
    -webkit-appearance: none; /* Chrome 41+ */
  }
  
  select::-ms-expand {
    display: none; /* Internet Explorer 11+ */
  }
  
  select::-ms-value {
    color: currentColor; /* Internet Explorer 11+ */
  }
  
  legend {
    border: 0; /* Correct `color` not being inherited in IE 8/9/10/11 */
    color: inherit; /* Correct the color inheritance from `fieldset` elements in IE */
    display: table; /* Correct the text wrapping in Edge and IE */
    max-width: 100%; /* Correct the text wrapping in Edge and IE */
    white-space: normal; /* Correct the text wrapping in Edge and IE */
    max-width: 100%; /* Correct the text wrapping in Edge 18- and IE */
  }
  
  ::-webkit-file-upload-button {
    /* Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari */
    -webkit-appearance: button;
    color: inherit;
    font: inherit; /* Change font properties to `inherit` in Chrome and Safari */
  }
  
  /* Replace pointer cursor in disabled elements */
  [disabled] {
    cursor: default;
  }
  
  /* # =================================================================
     # Specify media element style
     # ================================================================= */
  
  img {
    border-style: none; /* Remove border when inside `a` element in IE 8/9/10 */
  }
  
  /* Add the correct vertical alignment in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera */
  progress {
    vertical-align: baseline;
  }
  
  /* # =================================================================
     # Accessibility
     # ================================================================= */
  
  /* Specify the progress cursor of updating elements */
  [aria-busy='true'] {
    cursor: progress;
  }
  
  /* Specify the pointer cursor of trigger elements */
  [aria-controls] {
    cursor: pointer;
  }
  
  /* Specify the unstyled cursor of disabled, not-editable, or otherwise inoperable elements */
  [aria-disabled='true'] {
    cursor: default;
  }